Physical and chemical properties of cement with nano black rice husk ash

The existing of pores and micro-crack in the hardened cement paste influences the strength itself. Nano silica produced from BRHA has been used in this study. Nano BRHA replacement levels of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by weight of cement were applied. The TGA/DTA and XRD has been conducted for hardened cement paste powder to analyses the effect of different partial replacement of Nano BRHA. It was found that the weight loss results for Ca(OH)2 seems decreasing with increasing in Nano BRHA replacement. The higher CSH percentage contained in cement paste was 10% of Nano BRHA replacement

Strength properties of rice husk ash concrete under sodium sulphate attack

The use of pozzolanic materials in concrete provides several advantages, such as improved strength and durability. This study investigated the strength properties of rice husk ash (RHA) concrete under severe durability (sodium sulphate attack). Four RHA replacement levels were considered in the study: 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of cement. The durability performance of the RHA blended cement exposed to sodium sulphate solution was evaluated through compressive strength, reduction in strength, and weight loss. Test results showed that RHA can be satisfactorily used as a cement replacement material in order to increase the durability of concrete. Concrete containing 10% and 20% of RHA replacements showed excellent durability to sulphate attack. The results also indicate that the amount of Ca(OH)2 in the RHA blended cement concrete was lower than that of Portland cement due to the pozzolanic reaction of RH

A review of performance asphalt mixtures using bio binder as alternative binder

This paper provides an overview of the performance in asphalt mixture using bio-binder from biomass as alternative binder. The bio-binder considered from the previous research was produced by pyrolysis process. The aim of this study is to review the performance of asphalt mixture modified by bio-binder. The Rotational Viscometer (RV), Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR), Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO), Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) and Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) were conducted to evaluate the rheological properties of bio-binder in asphalt mixtures. Many previous studies focused on the chemical composition, physical properties and performance of bio-binder in asphalt mixtures. Several research studies have evaluated the viability of bio-binder in asphalt pavement mixtures. Therefore, in many of these case the bio-binder was evaluated in minimal proportions (<10 percent). This is necessary in order to identify a mixtures containing bio-binder at higher blending proportions (up to 50% replacement). Additionally, a review will be a positive step in the direction of achieving mixture modified with bio-binder has shown similar or improved performance when compared to conventional mixtures

Physical and chemical properties of cement with nano black rice husk ash

The existing of pores and micro-crack in the hardened cement paste influences the strength itself. Nano silica produced from BRHA has been used in this study. Nano BRHA replacement levels of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by weight of cement were applied. The TGA/DTA and XRD has been conducted for hardened cement paste powder to analyses the effect of different partial replacement of Nano BRHA. It was found that the weight loss results for Ca(OH)2 seems decreasing with increasing in Nano BRHA replacement. The higher CSH percentage contained in cement paste was 10% of Nano BRHA replacement

Image analysis and mechanical properties of asphalt mixture with waste plastic

Cracking is a typical problem that deteriorates the strength and longevity of a pavement structure. Waste plastic in pavement construction is cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The use of waste plastic has been growing in recent years. Adding waste plastics to the asphalt mixture would improve its physical and mechanical characteristics. As a result, it is a sustainable and long-term solution that helps to reduce plastic waste and preserve the environment. This research aims to develop the image analysis and assess the characteristic of modifying bitumen with different percentages of plastic wastes (0%, 4%, 6%, and 8%). Using blending processes, modified bitumen was prepared. The binder used in this study is penetration grade PEN 60/70. Marshall Test, Indirect Tensile Strength, Resilient Modulus and Dynamic Creep Modulus test were carried out to determine the optimum percentage of waste plastic in asphalt mixture. The modified binders can be used in high-performance asphalt mixtures, as well as to use a well-developed image analysis technique using ImageJ software to characterize asphalt pavement surfaces. The result shows that the modified asphalt mixture is more efficient than the conventional asphalt mixture. Addition of the waste plastic proved sufficient to increase the performance of the asphalt pavement as modified asphalt mixture performance is more stable than conventional mixture

Effect of black rice husk ash on asphaltic concrete properties under aging condition

The scarcities of natural resources and increment in waste production rates have promoted efforts to investigate the potential incorporation of various by-products in roads construction. Reusing of waste materials such as black rice husk ash (BRHA) in asphaltic concrete was considered as one of the proper management of the waste, which ensures economic and environmental benefits. Hence, this study investigates the effect of black rice husk ash on asphalt mixtures properties under different aging condition. BRHA was added in the asphalt mix in a proportion of 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% by weight of bitumen. 5% optimum bitumen content with 60/70 penetration grade binder was selected for this study. The asphalt mixtures for each fraction was prepared in three different aging conditions i.e. un-aging (UA), short term aging (STA) and long term aging (LTA). The properties of asphalt mixtures were evaluated by voids, stiffness and dynamic creep tests. The results indicate that asphalt mixtures consisting of BRHA have exhibited better performance in term of voids, stiffness and creep modulus when compared to the conventional asphalt mixtures. The STA and LTA mixtures modified with BRHA produced higher performance than the unmodified mixtures. It can be concluded that the optimum additional percentage of BRHA was in the range of 4% to 6%

Enhanced dry process method for modified asphalt containing plastic waste

In recent years, the proliferation of plastic waste has become a global problem. A potential solution to this problem is the dry process, which incorporates plastic waste into asphalt mixtures. However, the dry process often has inconsistent performance due to poor interaction with binder and improper distribution of plastic waste particles in the mixture skeleton. This inconsistency may be caused by inaccurate mixing method, shredding size, mixing temperature and ingredient priorities. Thus, this study aims to improve the consistency of the dry process by comparing the control asphalt mixture and two plastic waste-modified asphalt mixtures prepared using the dry process. This study used crushed granite aggregate with the nominal maximum aggregate size of 14 mm whereas the shredded plastic bag is in the range of 5–10 mm. Quantitative sieving analysis and performance tests were carried out to examine the effects of plastic waste added into the asphalt mixture. The volumetric and performance properties combined with image analysis of the modified mixtures were obtained and compared with the control mixture. In addition, the moisture damage, resilient modulus, creep deformation and rutting were evaluated. This study also highlighted in detail the distribution of plastic particles in the final skeleton of the asphalt mixture. Based on the analysis, an enhanced dry process of mixing procedure was proposed and evaluated. Results showed that the addition of plastic particles using the conventional dry process leads to the deviation in the aggregate structure as high plastic content is added. Furthermore, the enhanced dry process developed in this study presents substantial enhancement in the asphalt performance, particularly with plastic waste that accounts for 20% of the weight of the asphalt binder

Mechanical performance of dense-graded asphalt mixture incorporating steel fiber

Dense graded asphalt is usually used for highways, main roads, industrial and distributor roads due to their densely packed constitution. In order to improve more on its durability, stability and service life various additives are introduced and among them are steel fibers. Steel fiber has been reported that it increases the mechanical performance of asphalt mix. This paper reports on a comprehensive study on the mechanical properties of dense-graded asphalt AC10 incorporating steel fibers. Mechanical properties studied include abrasion resistance, stability, density, stiffness, resilient modulus and dynamic creep of asphalt mixtures. The tests carried out are Abrasion test, Marshall Stability, resilient modulus and dynamic creep. Steel fiber content used was 0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% of the asphalt mixtures. The laboratory results showed that steel fiber addition into DGA AC10, improve all the mechanical properties covered in this investigation except the stiffness. Although the addition of steel fiber reduces stiffness properties that makes it revealing to the deflection, the modified samples still shows improvement in abrasion, stability, density, resilient modulus and dynamic creep

Engineering properties of porous asphalt mixture incorporating kenaf fiber

Porous asphalt (PA) is one type of flexible pavement known as pavement that has a permeability capability designed to control rainwater and reduce surface runoff. However, the structure is subject to damage from cracking, grooves, stripping and rapid aging under the effects of repeated vehicle loads on the road, hot weather and heavy rain. The use of kenaf fiber benefits in an effort to increase the strength, lifespan and durability of road pavements because kenaf fiber tends to be used for crack control and strengthens the path by resisting cracking stress. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of porous asphalt incorporating kenaf fiber and to determine the optimum fiber content of kenaf fiber modified porous asphalt. The mixtures containing varying percentages of kenaf fiber were evaluated to check which samples provided the best performance. The laboratory test as per requirement was carried out which are LA Abrasion, Resilient Modulus, Marshall Stability and Flow and Dynamic Creep. The results showed that the addition of 0.3% kenaf fiber gave the lowest value of abrasion and kenaf fiber content contributed the highest value of Resilient Modulus. While the kenaf fiber content for Marshall Stability is 0.5% and the Dynamic Creep is 0.4%. Using ranking method, the optimum fiber content can be identified which is 0.3%. The modified PA mixture with kenaf fiber resulted in improved performance of PA as a road surface material. In conclusion, asphalt mixtures containing kenaf fiber improved the stability and strength of the mix

Stability and stiffness of asphaltic concrete incorporating waste cooking oil

The application of waste material is extensively used as a partial replacement to produce a new asphalt binder with the improvement of binder performance. However, limited information is available on the use of waste cooking oil (WCO) in hot mix asphalt. In this regard, the main objective of this research is to study the influences of WCO as a supplementary binder on the Marshall Stability properties of asphaltic concrete. The properties investigated are stability, stiffness and flow. Results show that the treated WCO proved better strength performance as compared to the other asphalt mixture. It also found that the modified mixtures incorporating untreated and treated WCO increased the tendency for deformation exposure as compared to the control mixture. Generally, Marshall Stability result for treated WCO mixture was improved from untreated WCO mixture and exceeded the control mixture performance